Direct costs of prematurity and factors associated with birth and maternal conditions / Custos diretos da prematuridade e fatores associados ao nascimento e condições maternas

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the direct costs due to hospital care for extremely, moderate, and late preterm newborns, from the perspective of a public hospital in 2018. The second objective was to investigate whether factors associated with birth and maternal conditions explain the costs and length of hospital stay. METHODS This is a cost-of-illness study, with data extracted from hospital admission authorization forms and medical records of a large public hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. The association of characteristics of preterm newborns and mothers with costs was estimated by linear regression with gamma distribution. In the analysis, the calculation of the parameters of the estimates (B), with a confidence interval of 95% (95%CI), was adopted. The uncertainty parameters were estimated by the 95% confidence interval and standard error using the Bootstrapping method, with 1,000 samples. Deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed, considering lower and upper limits of 95%CI in the variation of each cost component. RESULTS A total of 147 preterm newborns were included. We verified an average cost of BRL 1,120 for late preterm infants, BRL 6,688 for moderate preterm infants, and BRL 17,395 for extremely preterm infants. We also observed that factors associated with the cost were gestational age (B = -123.00; 95%CI: -241.60 to -4.50); hospitalization in neonatal ICU (B = 6,932.70; 95%CI: 5,309.40-8,556.00), and number of prenatal consultations (B = -227.70; 95%CI: -403.30 to -52.00). CONCLUSIONS We found a considerable direct cost resulting from the care of preterm newborns. Extreme prematurity showed a cost 15.5 times higher than late prematurity. We also verified that a greater number of prenatal consultations and gestational age were associated with a reduction in the costs of prematurity.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Estimar os custos diretos advindos com a assistência hospitalar a recém-nascidos prematuros extremos, moderados e tardios, sob a perspectiva de um hospital público em 2018. O segundo objetivo foi investigar se fatores associados ao nascimento e às condições maternas explicam os custos e o tempo de permanência hospitalar. MÉTODOS Estudo de custo da doença, com extração de dados a partir das autorizações de internação hospitalares e prontuários de um hospital público de grande porte do Distrito Federal. Estimou-se a associação de características dos recém-nascidos prematuros e das genitoras nos custos por meio de regressão linear com distribuição gamma. Na análise, adotou-se o cálculo dos parâmetros das estimativas (B), com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Os parâmetros de incerteza foram estimados pelo intervalo de confiança de 95% e erro padrão por meio do método de Bootstrapping, com 1.000 amostragens. Realizou-se análise de sensibilidade determinística, considerando limites inferiores e superiores do IC95% na variação de cada componente de custo. RESULTADOS Foram incluídos 147 recém-nascidos prematuros. Verificamos um custo médio de R$ 1.120 para prematuros tardios, R$ 6.688 para prematuros moderados e R$ 17.395 para prematuros extremos. Verificamos também que os fatores associados ao custo foram idade gestacional (B = -123,00; IC95% -241,60 a -4,50); internação em UTI neonatal (B = 6.932,70; IC95% 5.309,40-8.556,00) e número de consultas pré-natal (B = -227,70; IC95% -403,30 a -52,00). CONCLUSÕES Verificamos um custo direto considerável advindo da assistência a recém-nascidos prematuros. A prematuridade extrema demonstrou um custo 15,5 vezes maior comparado à tardia. Verificamos ainda que uma maior quantidade de consultas pré-natal e a idade gestacional foram associadas a uma redução dos custos da prematuridade.

Impacto economico de la prematurez y las malformaciones congénitas sobre el costo de la atención neonatal

Objetivos: Calcular los costos de la atención neonatal de recién nacidos prematuros y en portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida. Pacientes y Método: Estudio retrospectivo efectuado en el Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, en 82 recién nacidos menores de 34 semanas de gestación y en 14 con malformaciones congénitas mayores, de más de 37 semanas de gestación, compatibles con la vida, atendidos entre enero y diciembre de 2004. Resultados evaluados son los costos de la atención neonatal subdivididos en componentes. Resultados: El costo promedio de la atención neonatal en recién nacidos menores de 34 semanas fue igual a $2.519.508, en menores de 32 semanas igual a $3.766.999, en menores de 1500 gramos igual a $12.017.650 y en portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida de $30.967.180. El día cama representa el componente más significativo dentro cada paquete con más del 60 por ciento del costo promedio. Conclusiones: El costo de la atención neonatal de prematuros menores de 34 semanas o portadores de malformaciones congénitas mayores compatibles con la vida es mayor al contemplado en los paquetes de prestaciones a todo evento, representando el día cama su componente más significativo.

Objective: To calculate the cost involved in the neonatal care of premature or live born babies carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life. Patients and method: Retrospective study who analyzed 82 premature live born of less than 34 weeks and 14 live born carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life, from January to December 2004, at the Maternity Ward from the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. The outcome measures were the neonatal care average cost package subdivided by components. The cost was expressed in chilean currency. Results: Neonatal care average cost was $2.519.508 in live born of less than 34 weeks, $3.766.999 in less than 32 weeks, $12.017.650 in less than 1500 grams babies and $30.967.180 in carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities. In bed day cost represents the most significant component from the package, representing more than 60 percent of its total cost. Conclusions: Neonatal care cost of premature live born of less than 34 weeks or carriers of mayor congenital abnormalities compatible with life is higher than the maximum cost considered in the every-event health packages, representing in bed day its most significant component.

[Costs of basic health services in a health district in Tunisia]

Information on the cost of health services is essential for good planning and management and the efficient use of resources. We calculated the total costs incurred in running primary health services for one year [1995] in the health district of Enfidha [Tunisia]. The yearly operating expenditure for the health district was 1 219 099 Tunisian dinars and the cost per inhabitant was 17.494 dinars [US dollar 1 = Tunisian dinar 0.950 in 1995]; 65.37% of total costs went on staff and 17.03% on drugs. Looked at another way, 84,96% went on curative services and 14.04% on preventive services.The cost of a consultation for curative care was 6.847dinars, for perinatal care was 2.764 dinars, for immunization was 3.680 and for school visit was 6.680 dinars. The study helps to identify ways in which cost analysis can be used to explore efficiency and resource adequacy in the district

Impacto socieconómico sobre la salud evaluado con la mortalidad perinatal / Impact socieconomic upon the health evaluation with the perinatal mortality

Conocer la evolución de la mortalidad perinatal durante 30 años en condiciones diversas socieconómicas. Es un estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo de la tasa de mortalidad perinatal durante el período 1969-1998. Hospital "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara", Puerto Cabello, Edo. Carabobo, Venezuela. En la década de los 70 hubo auge económico. El lapso de 1969-1975 mostró incremento en las tasas de mortalidad perinatal de 44,07 a 59,32 por 1000 nacidos (34,60 por ciento). En 1975 se inicia inversión en actividades perinatales, consultas de alto riesgo y programa regional, entre 1976-1982 hay una caída sostenida de mortalidad perinatal hasta la tasa de 26,10 por 1000 nacidos (45,45 por ciento). A partir de 1982 en Latinoamérica hace aparición la crisis económica de la deuda externa, sucediéndose periódicamente fenómenos socieconómicos como huelgas, golpes de estado, aumento del desempleo, pobreza, inseguridad personal, etc. En los últimos 16 años estudiados hay un incremento de la mortalidad perinatal en picos, en 1980 fue 56,86 por 1000 nacidos (107,97 por ciento), lo que se repite en los años 1989, 1992-1996, terminando 1998 con 49,18 por 1000 nacidos. La mortalidad perinatal muestra tasas elevadas, éstas se incrementan o descienden con las variaciones socieconómicas